Thailand's Oil Fuel Fund went from a 2.4 billion baht surplus on March 1 to a 63 billion baht deficit by May 1, a swing driven almost entirely by the Hormuz crisis.
Global Basel cryptoasset implementation remains fragmented across major jurisdictions. Singapore’s principle-based model may serve as a reference point for other regulators.
ASEAN has a blueprint, a financing initiative, and a petroleum security agreement. What it does not yet have is the ratified, operational infrastructure to act collectively when a supply crisis hits.
The Russia-Indonesia crude deal extends beyond Pertamina to manufacturing, mining, and petrochemical sectors, reflecting the scale of Indonesia’s import gap.
Indonesia's 2026 fuel subsidy bill could exceed projections by IDR 200 trillion. The downstream refinery and DME projects are a long-cycle structural response to that exposure.