The Thailand-Cambodia energy dispute is now a test of whether ASEAN’s commitment to rules-based dispute resolution can survive the region’s sharpest bilateral tensions.
Global digital greenfield investment tripled from USD131 billion in 2020 to USD360 billion in 2024. Malaysia captured 14% of the developing-economy share of that surge. Johor is the primary reason why.
The six-month window is an emergency buffer, not a permanent tariff change. Jakarta will reassess before deciding whether to extend or restore normal rates.
Household CNG substitution for LPG addresses the cooking fuel layer of Indonesia's import dependency, separate from the diesel layer targeted by B50 biodiesel.